mirror of
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196 lines
7.6 KiB
Plaintext
196 lines
7.6 KiB
Plaintext
/**
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@defgroup boards_arduino-mega2560 Arduino Mega 2560
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@ingroup boards
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@brief Support for the Arduino Mega 2560 board
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## Overview
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The Arduino Mega2560 is one of the larger Arduino boards. It is based on
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Atmel's AVR architecture and sports an ATmega2560 MCU. It is like many Arduinos
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extensible by using shields.
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NOTE: In case you are wondering if flashing RIOT on your Arduino Mega2560
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will overwrite the Arduino bootloader: you can be reassured. After flashing RIOT
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you can without any intermediate steps just go over to flashing Arduino sketches
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again.
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## Hardware
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### MCU
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| MCU | ATmega2560 |
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|:----------------------------- |:----------------------------------------- |
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| Family | AVR/ATmega |
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| Vendor | Atmel |
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| RAM | 8 KiB |
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| Flash | 256 KiB |
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| Frequency | 16 MHz |
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| Timers | 6 (2x 8bit, 4x 16bit) |
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| ADCs | 14 analog input pins (10bit resolution) |
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| UARTs | 4 |
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| SPIs | 1 |
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| I2Cs | 1 (called TWI) |
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| Vcc | 5.0 V |
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| Datasheet / Reference Manual | [Datasheet and Reference Manual](http://www.atmel.com/images/atmel-2549-8-bit-avr-microcontroller-atmega640-1280-1281-2560-2561_datasheet.pdf) |
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| Board Manual | [Board Manual](http://arduino.cc/en/Main/arduinoBoardMega2560) |
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Flashing RIOT on the Arduino Mega2560 is quite straight forward, just connect
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your Arduino Mega2560 using the programming port to your host computer and type:
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`make BOARD=arduino-mega2560 flash`
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This should take care of everything!
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We use the open `avrdude` tool to write the new code into the ATmega2560's
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flash
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## Pin Change Interrupts
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More pins can be used for hardware interrupts using the Pin Change
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Interrupt feature. See @ref boards_common_atmega for details.
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## Debugging (WIP)
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The ATmega2560 MCU supports JTAG debugging. To use the JTAG debugging on the
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Arduino Mega 2560 an external JTAG debugger is required. There are several
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options for this MCU/board:
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* [Atmel-ICE](https://www.microchip.com/DevelopmentTools/ProductDetails/atatmel-ice)
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(Note: A version of the Atmel-ICE without case (just the naked but fully
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assembled PCB) is currently the most affordable option.
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* [AVR Dragon](http://www.atmel.com/tools/avrdragon.aspx)
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(Note: This debugger is out of production.)
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* [AVR JTAGICE mkII](http://www.atmel.com/tools/avrjtagicemkii.aspx)
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* [JTAGICE3](http://www.atmel.com/tools/jtagice3.aspx)
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There may be other options as well, but I can't comment on how well they
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work. I tested debugging RIOT on the Arduino Mega 2560 using an AVR Dragon.
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**Important:** To use a JTAG Debugger in conjunction with the ATmega2560 it
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is required to change the fuses of the MCU. Additionally it seems to be required
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to overwrite the bootloader on the MCU. Because of that it is a necessity to use
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an ISP (in system programmer) to do the debugging. This isn't an issue because
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all of the afore mentioned devices have ISP capabilities, but it requires some
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additional steps to get back normal operation after debugging:
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* flash a new arduino bootloader on the device, e.g. [this one](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/arduino/Arduino-stk500v2-bootloader/master/goodHexFiles/stk500boot_v2_mega2560.hex)
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* restore the fuses to the default state.
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### Wiring for the AVR Dragon
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In contrast to normal use (USB only), for debugging there are two separate
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wiring changes to do:
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* connecting the ISP headers
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* connecting the JTAG header to the respective pins on the Arduino
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Connecting the ISP headers is straight forward: Pin1 on the Dragon connects
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to Pin1 on the Arduino Mega2560 and so on.
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Connecting the JTAG header needs the following pin mapping:
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|AVR Dragon | Arduino Mega 2560|Signal|
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|:----------|:-----------------|:-----|
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|JTAG1 |A4 |TCK |
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|JTAG2 o. 10|GND |GND |
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|JTAG3 |A6 |TDO |
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|JTAG4 |+5V |+5V |
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|JTAG5 |A5 |TMS |
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|JTAG9 |A7 |TDI |
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Ax refers to the analog in pins on the Arduino Mega 2560.
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JTAG2 and JTAG10 on the AVR Dragon are both GND, one connection suffices.
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All other JTAG Pins are not needed for debugging the Arduino Mega2560
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Additional information can be found
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[here](http://arduino.cc/en/Hacking/PinMapping2560).
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### Fuses
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**default:**
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| Fuse | Setting |
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|:--------------|:--------|
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| Low Fuse | 0xFF |
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| High Fuse | 0xD8 |
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| Extended Fuse | 0xFD |
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avrdude arguments: `-U lfuse:w:0xff:m -U hfuse:w:0xD8:m -U efuse:w:0xfd:m`
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**debugging:**
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| Fuse | Setting |
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|:--------------|:--------|
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| Low Fuse | 0xFF |
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| High Fuse | 0x18 |
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| Extended Fuse | 0xFD |
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(Both `OCDEN` and `JTAGEN` fuse bits are enabled)
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avrdude arguments: `-U lfuse:w:0xff:m -U hfuse:w:0x18:m -U efuse:w:0xfd:m`
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A useful tool to calculate fuse settings yourself is this [fuse
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calculator](http://www.engbedded.com/fusecalc/), which also works with other AVR
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MCUs.
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### Debugging RIOT on the Arduino Mega 2560
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`make BOARD=arduino-mega2560 debug-server`: starts an
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[avarice](http://avarice.sourceforge.net/) (avarice needs to be installed)
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server that `avr-gdb` can connect to.
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`make BOARD=arduino-mega2560 debug`: starts an avarice server and connects
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`avr-gdb` to it.
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**Note:** To flash the board via the ISP while debugging the additional flag
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`PROGRAMMER=dragon_isp` is required.
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For a full rebuild and debug cycle use the following command:
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`make BOARD=arduino-mega2560 PROGRAMMER=dragon_isp clean all flash debug`
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@note If you are using a different debugger than the Atmel-ICE, you have
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to export the `AVR_DEBUGDEVICE` environment variable to the required
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flag to pass to AVaRICE, e.g. when using the AVR Dragon you have to
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export `AVR_DEBUGDEVICE=--dragon`. If the debug device is not
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connected via USB, you also need to export `AVR_DEBUGINTERFACE` to
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the correct value.
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# Mac OSX El Capitan users
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Mac users can flash this Arduino board by installing `avr-gcc` and `avrdude`
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from `brew`.
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Debug is possible but is not covered in this wiki, if you need it, please
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refer to this [page](https://www.obdev.at/products/crosspack/index.html).
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## Toolchain installation
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You should have installed `brew` to follow this instructions. Otherwise,
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[install](http://digitizor.com/install-homebrew-osx-el-capitan/) it.
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Then, add a repository:
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```
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$ brew tap osx-cross/avr
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```
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Afterwards, install `avr-gcc`:
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```
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$ brew install avr-libc
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```
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And finally:
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```
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$ brew install avrdude --with-usb
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```
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With this you should be allowed to compile and to flash code to the Arduino
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Mega.
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## Troubleshooting for serial connection
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In OSX El Capitan, there is no native driver working for the serial
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connection.
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In order to install it, you must download and install a CDC-ACM driver from
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[here](https://www.aten.com/global/en/products/usb-&-thunderbolt/usb-converters/uc232a/)
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(Go to Support and Downloads/Software & Driver/Mac Software).
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A reboot should be enough to find your Arduino on `/dev/tty.usbmodem*`
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*/
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