Instead of using `weak` function definitions, this PR handles
default implementations using `PROVIDES_x` defines, allowing
for cpus/pm realted modules to use their own implementations.
- Move generic implementation of atomic_set_return to core/atomic.c
- Generic implementation of atomic compare and swap in core/atomic.c
- atomic_cas is used to implement atomic counters in core/include/atomic.h
- atomic_int_t is an atomic integer type
- ATOMIC_INIT can be used as an initializer for atomic_int_t
- ATOMIC_VALUE gets a reference to the value of an atomic integer
Instead of using differing integer types use kernel_pid_t for process
identifier. This type is introduced in a new header file to avoid
circular dependencies.
Finding read-before-writes statically is quite difficult. In native we
can use valgrind, but on boards without an MMU we are out of luck.
x86 has an MMU, let's use it.
If `-DDEBUG_READ_BEFORE_WRITE` was set, then pages on the heap get
initialized upon first use. If the page was read before written, then a
debug message with the virtual and physical address of the memory
location is printed, as well as the address of the offending instruction.
