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doc/.../getting-started.md: update software requirements
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Marian Buschsieweke
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@ -21,16 +21,127 @@ git clone git://github.com/RIOT-OS/RIOT.git
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Compiling RIOT {#compiling-riot}
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==============
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Setting up a toolchain {#setting-up-a-toolchain}
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----------------------
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Depending on the hardware you want to use, you need to first install a
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corresponding toolchain. The Wiki on RIOT's Github page contains a lot of
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information that can help you with your platform:
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Required Software for Development {#setting-up-a-toolchain}
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-----------------------------------------------------------
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* [ARM-based platforms](https://github.com/RIOT-OS/RIOT/wiki/Family:-ARM)
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* [TI MSP430](https://github.com/RIOT-OS/RIOT/wiki/Family:-MSP430)
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* [Atmel ATmega](https://github.com/RIOT-OS/RIOT/wiki/Family%3A-ATmega)
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* [native](https://github.com/RIOT-OS/RIOT/wiki/Family:-native)
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A set of common tools and a toolchain for the hardware you target needs to be installed first.
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### Choosing an Operating System for the Development PC
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Most of the RIOT OS developers are using Linux on their development PCs, so you can expect the
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most streamlined experience here. Other POSIX-compliant OSes such as current versions of Mac OS or
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the various BSD flavours will also be fine - however, we rely on users to report bugs regarding
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tooling incompatibilities here. So expect occasional issues for the development branch and please
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help testing during the feature freeze period, if you develop on Mac OS or BSD.
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Native development on Windows machines is not officially supported. What works well is using Linux
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in a virtual machine, but at much lower performance than running Linux natively. For development
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using the
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[Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Subsystem_for_Linux)
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is a good option
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([installation instructions here](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install)), but it
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is (as of October 2021) not possible to directly access USB devices from Linux. As a result,
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accessing the serial connection to a board running RIOT, flashing it, and on-chip-debugging from WSL
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will not be possible. (It is possible to pass through the file system of USB storage device. This
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should allow flashing boards that have an [UF2 compatible](https://github.com/Microsoft/uf2) from
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within WSL, but this has not been tested yet.) Hence, WSL users will have to use native Windows
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tools for accessing the serial connection and flashing the board.
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### Common Tools
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The following tools are required or useful regardless of the architecture and board you are
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developing for:
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* Essential system development tools (GNU Make GCC, standard C library headers)
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* git
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* GDB in the multiarch variant (alternatively: install for each architecture you target the
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corresponding GDB package)
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* unzip or p7zip
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* wget or curl
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* python3
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* pyserial (linux distro package often named python3-serial or py3-serial)
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* Doxygen for building the documentation
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@note For each architecture a default tool for flashing and on-chip debugging is listed below - in
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most cases OpenOCD. However, some boards use different tools, e.g. because a bootloader is
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installed that allows flashing via the serial interface. Check the board documentation for any
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details on this. If that documentation contains no info about a flashing tool, the default
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tool for its architecture is used.
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@details Running `BOARD=<INSERT_TARGET_BOARD_HERE> make info-programmers-supported` in your
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application folder lists the programmers supported by RIOT for the given board.
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### Architecture: ARM7 and ARM Cortex M*
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* GCC, binutils, and newlib for `arm-none-eabi`
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* Alternatively: Install docker and export `BUILD_IN_DOCKER=1`
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* OpenOCD for debugging/flashing (most boards)
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* Some boards use UF2 based bootloaders, which require auto-mounting to work with `make flash`
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* Some boards default to using J-Link for flashing/debugging. Either install that or export
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`PROGRAMMER=openocd` to just use OpenOCD instead
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* Optional: picolibc for `arm-none-eabi` to link against picolibc instead of newlib
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* Optional: clang to build with `TOOLCHAIN=llvm`
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* Optional: GDB multiarch for debugging
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* If no multiarch package is available, use GDB for `arm-none-eabi` instead
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### Architecture: Xtensa
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#### ESP32
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* @ref esp32_toolchain "Toolchain for ESP32"
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* [esptool](https://github.com/espressif/esptool) for flashing
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* Optional: OpenOCD and GDB (multiarch version) for @ref esp32_jtag_debugging "debugging via JTAG"
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#### ESP8266
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* @ref esp8266_toolchain "Toolchain for ESP8266"
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* [esptool](https://github.com/espressif/esptool) for flashing
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* Optional: GDB (multiarch version) for @ref esp8266_esp_gdbstub "debugging via the gdbstub"
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interface for the ESP8266
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### Architecture: AVR
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* GCC and binutils for AVR and avrlibc
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* Alternatively: Install docker and export `BUILD_IN_DOCKER=1`
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* avrdude for flashing
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* Optional: AVaRICE and GDB (multiarch version) for debugging
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### Architecture: RISC-V
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* GCC, binutils, and newlib for RISC-V (target triple should start with `riscv` and end with
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`-none-elf` or `-unknown-elf`. Note that most packages are multilib, e.g. `riscv64-unknown-elf`
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will likely work fine for 32 bit RISC-V boards)
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* Alternatively: Install docker and export `BUILD_IN_DOCKER=1`
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* OpenOCD for debugging/flashing (some new boards might require a patched version of OpenOCD or a
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recent build from the git sources
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* Optional: picolibc to link against picolibc instead of newlib (recommended)
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* Optional: clang to build with `TOOLCHAIN=llvm`
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* Optional: GDB multiarch for debugging
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### Architecture: MSP430
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* GCC, binutils, and newlib for MSP430
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* Alternatively: Install docker and export `BUILD_IN_DOCKER=1`
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* [mspdebug](https://github.com/dlbeer/mspdebug) for flashing/debugging
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* Optional: [MSP Debug Stack](https://www.ti.com/tool/download/MSPDS-OPEN-SOURCE) for additional
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board support
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* Optional: GDB multiarch for debugging
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### Architecture: MIPS
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* GCC, binutils, and newlib for MIPS
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* Alternatively: Install docker and export `BUILD_IN_DOCKER=1`
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* Check board documentation for flashing and debugging
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### Architecture: native
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* On 64 bit systems: multilib versions for your host compilers, standard C library, and development
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headers
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* Alternatively: Compile with `BUILD_IN_DOCKER=1`. Note that for running the executable you
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still need a multilib system (or 32 bit Linux) with glibc a standard C library.
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* A C library supporting the deprecated POSIX.1-2001 ucontext library (e.g. glibc, FreeBSD's libc,
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Mac OS's libc)
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* Optional: GDB for debugging. (Prefer the multiarch version, this will also work for other boards)
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The build system {#the-build-system}
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----------------
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