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sys: add ChaCha stream cipher and PRNG

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This implementation is optimized for a little code and data size, not
for speed. IMO the code is more readable than in the reference
implementation.

The biggest advantage of ChaCha over other stream ciphers is the very
little data usage with only 64 bytes of context, and its good encryption
speed.

Also part of this PR is pseudo-random number generator, that just
returns the keystream of a randomly initialized ChaCha context.
This commit is contained in:
René Kijewski 2015-06-21 09:50:14 +02:00
parent b0e34b1c9d
commit 2cf4253710
7 changed files with 484 additions and 0 deletions
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6
sys/crypto/Makefile
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@ -1 +1,7 @@
ifeq (, ${RIOT_CHACHA_PRNG_DEFAULT})
RIOT_CHACHA_PRNG_DEFAULT := $(shell head -c 64 /dev/urandom | hexdump -e '"0x%4xull,"')
endif
CFLAGS += -DRIOT_CHACHA_PRNG_DEFAULT="${RIOT_CHACHA_PRNG_DEFAULT}"
include $(RIOTBASE)/Makefile.base

120
sys/crypto/chacha.c Normal file
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/*
* Copyright (C) 2008 D. J. Bernstein (dedicated to the public domain)
* Copyright (C) 2015 René Kijewski <rene.kijewski@fu-berlin.de>
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
* of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
* in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
* to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
* copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
* furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
* all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
* IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
* AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
* LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
* OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
* THE SOFTWARE.
*/
/*
* Please notice:
* - This implementation of the ChaCha stream cipher is very stripped down.
* - It assumes a little-endian system.
* - It is implemented for little code and data size, but will likely be
* slower than the refenrence implementation. Optimized implementation will
* out-perform the code even more.
*/
#include "crypto/chacha.h"
#include "byteorder.h"
#if __BYTE_ORDER__ != __ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__
# error "This code is implementented in a way that it will only work for little-endian systems!"
#endif
#include <string.h>
static void _r(uint32_t *d, uint32_t *a, const uint32_t *b, unsigned c)
{
*a += *b;
uint32_t tmp = *a ^ *d;
*d = (tmp << c) | (tmp >> (32 - c));
}
static void _doubleround(void *output_, const uint32_t input[16], uint8_t rounds)
{
uint32_t *output = (uint32_t *) output_;
memcpy(output, input, 64);
rounds *= 4;
for (unsigned i = 0; i < rounds; ++i) {
uint32_t *a = &output[((i + ((i & 4) ? 0 : 0)) & 3) + (4 * 0)];
uint32_t *b = &output[((i + ((i & 4) ? 1 : 0)) & 3) + (4 * 1)];
uint32_t *c = &output[((i + ((i & 4) ? 2 : 0)) & 3) + (4 * 2)];
uint32_t *d = &output[((i + ((i & 4) ? 3 : 0)) & 3) + (4 * 3)];
_r(d, a, b, 16);
_r(b, c, d, 12);
_r(d, a, b, 8);
_r(b, c, d, 7);
}
for (unsigned i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {
output[i] += input[i];
}
}
int chacha_init(chacha_ctx *ctx,
unsigned rounds,
const uint8_t *key, uint32_t keylen,
const uint8_t nonce[8])
{
if (keylen == 32) {
memcpy(ctx->state + 0, "expand 32-byte k", 16);
memcpy(ctx->state + 4, key, 32);
}
else if (keylen == 16) {
memcpy(ctx->state + 0, "expand 16-byte k", 16);
memcpy(ctx->state + 4, key, 16);
memcpy(ctx->state + 8, key, 16);
}
else {
return -1;
}
if ((rounds == 20) || (rounds == 12) || (rounds == 8)) {
ctx->rounds = rounds;
}
else {
return -1;
}
memset(ctx->state + 12, 0, 8);
memcpy(ctx->state + 14, nonce, 8);
return 0;
}
void chacha_keystream_bytes(chacha_ctx *ctx, void *x)
{
_doubleround(x, ctx->state, ctx->rounds);
++ctx->state[12];
if (ctx->state[12] == 0) {
++ctx->state[13];
}
}
void chacha_encrypt_bytes(chacha_ctx *ctx, const uint8_t *m, uint8_t *c)
{
uint8_t x[64];
chacha_keystream_bytes(ctx, x);
for (unsigned i = 0 ; i < 64; ++i) {
c[i] = m[i] ^ x[i];
}
}

64
sys/crypto/chacha_prng.c Normal file
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/*
* Copyright (C) 2015 René Kijewski <rene.kijewski@fu-berlin.de>
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
* of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
* in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
* to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
* copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
* furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
* all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
* IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
* AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
* LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
* OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
* THE SOFTWARE.
*/
/*
* Please notice:
* - I am not a cryptographer.
* - You should not use this code to run a nuclear power plant without a proper review.
*/
#include "crypto/chacha.h"
#include "mutex.h"
#include <string.h>
static chacha_ctx _chacha_prng_ctx = {
.state = { RIOT_CHACHA_PRNG_DEFAULT },
.rounds = 8,
};
static uint32_t _chacha_prng_data[64];
static signed _chacha_prng_pos = 0;
static mutex_t _chacha_prng_mutex = MUTEX_INIT;
void chacha_prng_seed(const void *data, size_t bytes)
{
mutex_lock(&_chacha_prng_mutex);
memcpy(_chacha_prng_ctx.state, data, bytes);
_chacha_prng_pos = 0;
mutex_unlock(&_chacha_prng_mutex);
}
uint32_t chacha_prng_next(void)
{
mutex_lock(&_chacha_prng_mutex);
if (--_chacha_prng_pos < 0) {
_chacha_prng_pos = 15;
chacha_keystream_bytes(&_chacha_prng_ctx, _chacha_prng_data);
}
uint32_t result = _chacha_prng_data[_chacha_prng_pos];
mutex_unlock(&_chacha_prng_mutex);
return result;
}

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sys/include/crypto/chacha.h Normal file
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/*
* Copyright (C) 2008 D. J. Bernstein (dedicated to the public domain)
* Copyright (C) 2015 René Kijewski <rene.kijewski@fu-berlin.de>
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
* of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
* in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
* to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
* copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
* furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
* all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
* IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
* AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
* LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
* OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
* THE SOFTWARE.
*/
/**
* @ingroup sys_crypto
* @{
*
* @file
* @brief ChaCha stream cipher
*
* @author René Kijewski <rene.kijewski@fu-berlin.de>
*/
#ifndef CRYPTO_CHACHA_H_
#define CRYPTO_CHACHA_H_
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
/**
* @brief A ChaCha cipher stream context.
* @details Initialize with chacha_init().
*/
typedef struct
{
uint32_t state[16]; /**< The current state of the stream. */
uint8_t rounds; /**< Number of iterations. */
} chacha_ctx;
/**
* @brief Initialize a ChaCha context
*
* @param[out] ctx The context to initialize
* @param[in] rounds Number of rounds. Recommended: 20. Also in use: 8 and 12.
* @param[in] key The key to use.
* @param[in] keylen Length (in bytes) of @p key. Must be 16 or 32.
* @param[in] nonce IV / nonce to use.
*
* @returns `== 0` on success.
* @returns `< 0` if an illegal value for @p rounds or @p keylen was suppplied.
*/
int chacha_init(chacha_ctx *ctx,
unsigned rounds,
const uint8_t *key, uint32_t keylen,
const uint8_t nonce[8]);
/**
* @brief Generate next block in the keystream.
*
* @details If you want to seek inside the cipher steam, then you have to
* update the clock in `ctx->state[13]:ctx->state[12]` manually.
*
* @warning You need to re-initialized the context with a new nonce after 2^64
* encrypted blocks, or the keystream will repeat!
*
* @param[in,out] ctx The ChaCha context
* @param[out] x The block of the keystream (`sizeof(x) == 64`).
*/
void chacha_keystream_bytes(chacha_ctx *ctx, void *x);
/**
* @brief Encode or decode a block of data.
*
* @details @p m is always the input regardless if it is the plaintext or ciphertext,
* and @p c vice verse.
*
* @warning You need to re-initialized the context with a new nonce after 2^64
* encrypted blocks, or the keystream will repeat!
*
* @param[in,out] ctx The ChaCha context.
* @param[in] m The input.
* @param[out] c The output.
*/
void chacha_encrypt_bytes(chacha_ctx *ctx, const uint8_t *m, uint8_t *c);
/**
* @copydoc chacha_encrypt_bytes()
*/
static inline void chacha_decrypt_bytes(chacha_ctx *ctx, const uint8_t *m, uint8_t *c)
{
chacha_encrypt_bytes(ctx, m, c);
}
/**
* @brief Seed the pseudo-random number generator.
*
* @details You can seed the random number generator with up to 64 bytes of data.
* If you feed less than 64 bytes of data, then the privous state gets
* only partially overwritten.
*
* If you want to supply multiple information, then you have to concatenate
* them manually before invoking the function.
*
* The PRNG gets a random seed in the build process.
* You can set a deterministic value by supplying a comma separated
* argument to `make` like
* `RIOT_CHACHA_PRNG_DEFAULT="0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15"`.
*
* @param[in] data Some random data.
* @param[in] bytes Length of @p data in bytes where `0 < bytes <= 64`.
*/
void chacha_prng_seed(const void *data, size_t bytes);
/**
* @brief Extract a number from the pseudo-random number generator.
*
* @warning After you have read 2^68 numbers you have to re-seed the PRNG.
* Otherwise the sequence will repeat.
*/
uint32_t chacha_prng_next(void);
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
#endif /* ifndef CRYPTO_CHACHA_H_ */
/**
* @}
*/

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tests/unittests/tests-crypto/tests-crypto-chacha.c Normal file
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/*
* Copyright (C) 2015 René Kijewski <rene.kijewski@fu-berlin.de>
*
* This file is subject to the terms and conditions of the GNU Lesser
* General Public License v2.1. See the file LICENSE in the top level
* directory for more details.
*/
#include "embUnit/embUnit.h"
#include "tests-crypto.h"
#include "crypto/chacha.h"
#include <string.h>
static const uint8_t TC8_KEY[32] = {
0xc4, 0x6e, 0xc1, 0xb1, 0x8c, 0xe8, 0xa8, 0x78,
0x72, 0x5a, 0x37, 0xe7, 0x80, 0xdf, 0xb7, 0x35,
};
static const uint8_t TC8_IV[8] = {
0x1a, 0xda, 0x31, 0xd5, 0xcf, 0x68, 0x82, 0x21,
};
static const uint32_t TC8_AFTER_INIT[16] = {
0x61707865, 0x3120646e, 0x79622d36, 0x6b206574,
0xb1c16ec4, 0x78a8e88c, 0xe7375a72, 0x35b7df80,
0xb1c16ec4, 0x78a8e88c, 0xe7375a72, 0x35b7df80,
0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0xd531da1a, 0x218268cf,
};
static const uint8_t TC8_CHACHA8_BLOCK0[64] = {
0x6a, 0x87, 0x01, 0x08, 0x85, 0x9f, 0x67, 0x91,
0x18, 0xf3, 0xe2, 0x05, 0xe2, 0xa5, 0x6a, 0x68,
0x26, 0xef, 0x5a, 0x60, 0xa4, 0x10, 0x2a, 0xc8,
0xd4, 0x77, 0x00, 0x59, 0xfc, 0xb7, 0xc7, 0xba,
0xe0, 0x2f, 0x5c, 0xe0, 0x04, 0xa6, 0xbf, 0xbb,
0xea, 0x53, 0x01, 0x4d, 0xd8, 0x21, 0x07, 0xc0,
0xaa, 0x1c, 0x7c, 0xe1, 0x1b, 0x7d, 0x78, 0xf2,
0xd5, 0x0b, 0xd3, 0x60, 0x2b, 0xbd, 0x25, 0x94,
};
static const uint8_t TC8_CHACHA8_BLOCK1[64] = {
0x05, 0x60, 0xbb, 0x6a, 0x84, 0x28, 0x9e, 0x0b,
0x38, 0xf5, 0xdd, 0x21, 0xd6, 0xef, 0x6d, 0x77,
0x37, 0xe3, 0xec, 0x0f, 0xb7, 0x72, 0xda, 0x2c,
0x71, 0xc2, 0x39, 0x77, 0x62, 0xe5, 0xdb, 0xbb,
0xf4, 0x49, 0xe3, 0xd1, 0x63, 0x9c, 0xcb, 0xfa,
0x3e, 0x06, 0x9c, 0x4d, 0x87, 0x1e, 0xd6, 0x39,
0x5b, 0x22, 0xaa, 0xf3, 0x5c, 0x8d, 0xa6, 0xde,
0x2d, 0xec, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x88, 0x0d, 0xa8, 0xe8,
};
static const uint8_t TC8_CHACHA12_BLOCK0[64] = {
0xb0, 0x2b, 0xd8, 0x1e, 0xb5, 0x5c, 0x8f, 0x68,
0xb5, 0xe9, 0xca, 0x4e, 0x30, 0x70, 0x79, 0xbc,
0x22, 0x5b, 0xd2, 0x20, 0x07, 0xed, 0xdc, 0x67,
0x02, 0x80, 0x18, 0x20, 0x70, 0x9c, 0xe0, 0x98,
0x07, 0x04, 0x6a, 0x0d, 0x2a, 0xa5, 0x52, 0xbf,
0xdb, 0xb4, 0x94, 0x66, 0x17, 0x6d, 0x56, 0xe3,
0x2d, 0x51, 0x9e, 0x10, 0xf5, 0xad, 0x5f, 0x27,
0x46, 0xe2, 0x41, 0xe0, 0x9b, 0xdf, 0x99, 0x59,
};
static const uint8_t TC8_CHACHA12_BLOCK1[64] = {
0x17, 0xbe, 0x08, 0x73, 0xed, 0xde, 0x9a, 0xf5,
0xb8, 0x62, 0x46, 0x44, 0x1c, 0xe4, 0x10, 0x19,
0x5b, 0xae, 0xde, 0x41, 0xf8, 0xbd, 0xab, 0x6a,
0xd2, 0x53, 0x22, 0x63, 0x82, 0xee, 0x38, 0x3e,
0x34, 0x72, 0xf9, 0x45, 0xa5, 0xe6, 0xbd, 0x62,
0x8c, 0x7a, 0x58, 0x2b, 0xcf, 0x8f, 0x89, 0x98,
0x70, 0x59, 0x6a, 0x58, 0xda, 0xb8, 0x3b, 0x51,
0xa5, 0x0c, 0x7d, 0xbb, 0x4f, 0x3e, 0x6e, 0x76,
};
static const uint8_t TC8_CHACHA20_BLOCK0[64] = {
0x82, 0x6a, 0xbd, 0xd8, 0x44, 0x60, 0xe2, 0xe9,
0x34, 0x9f, 0x0e, 0xf4, 0xaf, 0x5b, 0x17, 0x9b,
0x42, 0x6e, 0x4b, 0x2d, 0x10, 0x9a, 0x9c, 0x5b,
0xb4, 0x40, 0x00, 0xae, 0x51, 0xbe, 0xa9, 0x0a,
0x49, 0x6b, 0xee, 0xef, 0x62, 0xa7, 0x68, 0x50,
0xff, 0x3f, 0x04, 0x02, 0xc4, 0xdd, 0xc9, 0x9f,
0x6d, 0xb0, 0x7f, 0x15, 0x1c, 0x1c, 0x0d, 0xfa,
0xc2, 0xe5, 0x65, 0x65, 0xd6, 0x28, 0x96, 0x25,
};
static const uint8_t TC8_CHACHA20_BLOCK1[64] = {
0x5b, 0x23, 0x13, 0x2e, 0x7b, 0x46, 0x9c, 0x7b,
0xfb, 0x88, 0xfa, 0x95, 0xd4, 0x4c, 0xa5, 0xae,
0x3e, 0x45, 0xe8, 0x48, 0xa4, 0x10, 0x8e, 0x98,
0xba, 0xd7, 0xa9, 0xeb, 0x15, 0x51, 0x27, 0x84,
0xa6, 0xa9, 0xe6, 0xe5, 0x91, 0xdc, 0xe6, 0x74,
0x12, 0x0a, 0xca, 0xf9, 0x04, 0x0f, 0xf5, 0x0f,
0xf3, 0xac, 0x30, 0xcc, 0xfb, 0x5e, 0x14, 0x20,
0x4f, 0x5e, 0x42, 0x68, 0xb9, 0x0a, 0x88, 0x04,
};
static void _test_crypto_chacha(unsigned rounds, unsigned keylen,
const uint8_t key[32], const uint8_t iv[8],
const uint32_t after_init[16],
const uint8_t block0[64], const uint8_t block1[64])
{
chacha_ctx ctx;
uint8_t block[64];
TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_INT(0, chacha_init(&ctx, rounds, key, keylen, iv));
TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_INT(0, memcmp(ctx.state, after_init, 64));
chacha_keystream_bytes(&ctx, block);
TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_INT(0, memcmp(block, block0, 64));
chacha_keystream_bytes(&ctx, block);
TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_INT(0, memcmp(block, block1, 64));
}
static void test_crypto_chacha8_tc8(void)
{
_test_crypto_chacha(8, 16, TC8_KEY, TC8_IV, TC8_AFTER_INIT,
TC8_CHACHA8_BLOCK0, TC8_CHACHA8_BLOCK1);
}
static void test_crypto_chacha12_tc8(void)
{
_test_crypto_chacha(12, 16, TC8_KEY, TC8_IV, TC8_AFTER_INIT,
TC8_CHACHA12_BLOCK0, TC8_CHACHA12_BLOCK1);
}
static void test_crypto_chacha20_tc8(void)
{
_test_crypto_chacha(20, 16, TC8_KEY, TC8_IV, TC8_AFTER_INIT,
TC8_CHACHA20_BLOCK0, TC8_CHACHA20_BLOCK1);
}
Test *tests_crypto_chacha_tests(void)
{
EMB_UNIT_TESTFIXTURES(fixtures) {
new_TestFixture(test_crypto_chacha8_tc8),
new_TestFixture(test_crypto_chacha12_tc8),
new_TestFixture(test_crypto_chacha20_tc8),
};
EMB_UNIT_TESTCALLER(crypto_chacha_tests, NULL, NULL, fixtures);
return (Test *) &crypto_chacha_tests;
}

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tests/unittests/tests-crypto/tests-crypto.c
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@ -11,4 +11,5 @@
void tests_crypto(void)
{
TESTS_RUN(tests_crypto_sha256_tests());
TESTS_RUN(tests_crypto_chacha_tests());
}

7
tests/unittests/tests-crypto/tests-crypto.h
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@ -36,6 +36,13 @@ void tests_crypto(void);
*/
Test *tests_crypto_sha256_tests(void);
/**
* @brief Generates tests for crypto/chacha.h
*
* @return embUnit tests if successful, NULL if not.
*/
Test *tests_crypto_chacha_tests(void);
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif