RIOT/sys/include/net/nanocoap_sock.h

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2017 Kaspar Schleiser <kaspar@schleiser.de>
 *               2018 Inria
 *               2018 Freie Universität Berlin
 *
 * This file is subject to the terms and conditions of the GNU Lesser
 * General Public License v2.1. See the file LICENSE in the top level
 * directory for more details.
 */

/**
 * @defgroup    net_nanosock Nanocoap Sock
 * @ingroup     net
 * @brief       Synchronous sock based messaging with nanocoap
 *
 * nanocoap sock uses the nanocoap CoAP library to provide a synchronous
 * interface to RIOT's sock networking API to read and write CoAP messages.
 * For a server, nanocoap sock accepts a list of resource paths with callbacks
 * for writing the response. For a client, nanocoap sock provides a function
 * to send a request and waits for the server response. nanocoap sock uses
 * nanocoap's Buffer API to write message options.
 *
 * ## Server Operation ##
 *
 * See the nanocoap_server example, which is built on the nanocoap_server()
 * function. A server must define an array of coap_resource_t resources for
 * which it responds. See the declarations of `coap_resources` and
 * `coap_resources_numof`. The array contents must be ordered by the resource
 * path, specifically the ASCII encoding of the path characters (digit and
 * capital precede lower case). Also see _Server path matching_ in the base
 * [nanocoap](group__net__nanocoap.html) documentation.
 *
 * nanocoap itself provides the COAP_WELL_KNOWN_CORE_DEFAULT_HANDLER entry for
 * `/.well-known/core`.
 *
 * ### Handler functions ###
 *
 * For each resource, you must implement a ::coap_handler_t handler function.
 * nanocoap provides functions to help implement the handler. If the handler
 * is called via nanocoap_server(), the response buffer provided to the handler
 * reuses the buffer for the request. So, your handler must read the request
 * thoroughly before writing the response.
 *
 * To read the request, use the functions in the _Header_ and _Options Read_
 * sections of the [nanocoap](group__net__nanocoap.html) documentation. If the
 * pkt _payload_len_ attribute is a positive value, start to read it at the
 * _payload_ pointer attribute.
 *
 * If a response does not require specific CoAP options, use
 * coap_reply_simple(). If there is a payload, it writes a Content-Format
 * option with the provided value.
 *
 * For a response with additional CoAP options, start by calling
 * coap_build_reply(). Then use the Buffer API to write the rest of the
 * response. See the instructions in the section _Write Options and Payload_
 * below.
 *
 * ## Client Operation ##
 *
 * Follow the instructions in the section _Write Options and Payload_ below.
 *
 * To send the message and await the response, see nanocoap_request() as well
 * as nanocoap_get(), which additionally copies the response payload to a user
 * supplied buffer. Finally, read the response as described above in the server
 * _Handler functions_ section for reading a request.
 *
 * ## Write Options and Payload ##
 *
 * For both server responses and client requests, CoAP uses an Option mechanism
 * to encode message metadata that is not required for each message. For
 * example, the resource URI path is required only for a request, and is encoded
 * as the Uri-Path option.
 *
 * nanocoap sock uses the nanocoap Buffer API for options. The caller
 * must provide the last option number written as well as the buffer position.
 * The caller is primarily responsible for tracking and managing the space
 * remaining in the buffer.
 *
 * Before starting, ensure the CoAP header has been initialized with
 * coap_build_hdr(). For a response, coap_build_reply() includes a call to
 * coap_build_hdr(). Use the returned length to track the next position in the
 * buffer to write and remaining length.
 *
 * Next, use the functions in the _Options Write Buffer API_ section of
 * [nanocoap](group__net__nanocoap.html) to write each option. These functions
 * require the position in the buffer to start writing, and return the number
 * of bytes written. Options *must* be written in order by option number (see
 * "CoAP option numbers" in [CoAP defines](group__net__coap.html)).
 *
 * @note You must ensure the buffer has enough space remaining to write each
 * option. The API does not verify the safety of writing an option.
 *
 * If there is a payload, append a payload marker (0xFF). Then write the
 * payload to within the maximum length remaining in the buffer.
 *
 * # Create a Block-wise Response (Block2)
 *
 * Block-wise is a CoAP extension (RFC 7959) to divide a large payload across
 * multiple physical packets. This section describes how to write a block-wise
 * payload for a response, and is known as Block2. (Block1 is for a block-wise
 * payload in a request.) See _riot_board_handler() in the nanocoap_server
 * example for an example handler implementation.
 *
 * Start with coap_block2_init() to read the client request and initialize a
 * coap_slicer_t struct with the size and location for this slice of the
 * overall payload. Then write the block2 option in the response with
 * coap_opt_put_block2(). The option includes an indicator ("more") that a
 * slice completes the overall payload transfer. You may not know the value for
 * _more_ at this point, but you must initialize the space in the packet for
 * the option before writing the payload. The option is rewritten later.
 *
 * Next, use the coap_blockwise_put_xxx() functions to write the payload
 * content. These functions use the coap_block_slicer_t to enable or disable
 * actually writing the content, depending on the current position within the
 * overall payload transfer.
 *
 * Finally, use the convenience function coap_block2_build_reply(), which
 * finalizes the packet and calls coap_block2_finish() internally to update
 * the block2 option.
 *
 * @{
 *
 * @file
 * @brief       nanocoap high-level API
 *
 * @author      Kaspar Schleiser <kaspar@schleiser.de>
 */

#ifndef NET_NANOCOAP_SOCK_H
#define NET_NANOCOAP_SOCK_H

#include <stdint.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#include "net/nanocoap.h"
#include "net/sock/udp.h"
#include "net/sock/util.h"

#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif

/**
 * @brief   nanocoap socket type
 *
 */
typedef sock_udp_t nanocoap_sock_t;

/**
 * @brief Blockwise request helper struct
 */
typedef struct {
    nanocoap_sock_t sock;           /**< socket used for the request        */
    const char *path;               /**< path on the server                 */
    uint32_t blknum;                /**< current block number               */
    uint8_t method;                 /**< request method (GET, POST, PUT)    */
    uint8_t blksize;                /**< CoAP blocksize exponent            */
} coap_block_request_t;

/**
 * @brief   Start a nanocoap server instance
 *
 * This function only returns if there's an error binding to @p local, or if
 * receiving of UDP packets fails.
 *
 * @param[in]   local   local UDP endpoint to bind to
 * @param[in]   buf     input buffer to use
 * @param[in]   bufsize size of @p buf
 *
 * @returns     -1 on error
 */
int nanocoap_server(sock_udp_ep_t *local, uint8_t *buf, size_t bufsize);

/**
 * @brief   Create a CoAP client socket
 *
 * @param[out]  sock    CoAP UDP socket
 * @param[in]   local   Local UDP endpoint, may be NULL
 * @param[in]   remote  remote UDP endpoint
 *
 * @returns     0 on success
 * @returns     <0 on error
 */
int nanocoap_sock_connect(nanocoap_sock_t *sock, sock_udp_ep_t *local,
                          sock_udp_ep_t *remote);

/**
 * @brief   Create a CoAP client socket by URL
 *
 * @param[in]   url     URL with server information to connect to
 * @param[out]  sock    CoAP UDP socket
 *
 * @returns     0 on success
 * @returns     <0 on error
 */
int nanocoap_sock_url_connect(const char *url, nanocoap_sock_t *sock);

/**
 * @brief   Close a CoAP client socket
 *
 * @param[in]  sock     CoAP UDP socket
 */
static inline void nanocoap_sock_close(nanocoap_sock_t *sock)
{
    sock_udp_close(sock);
}

/**
 * @brief   Simple synchronous CoAP (confirmable) get
 *
 * @param[in]   sock    socket to use for the request
 * @param[in]   path    remote path
 * @param[out]  buf     buffer to write response to
 * @param[in]   len     length of @p buffer
 *
 * @returns     length of response payload on success
 * @returns     <0 on error
 */
ssize_t nanocoap_sock_get(nanocoap_sock_t *sock, const char *path, void *buf,
                          size_t len);

/**
 * @brief    Performs a blockwise coap get request on a socket.
 *
 * This function will fetch the content of the specified resource path via
 * block-wise-transfer. A coap_blockwise_cb_t will be called on each received
 * block.
 *
 * @param[in]   sock       socket to use for the request
 * @param[in]   path       pointer to source path
 * @param[in]   blksize    sender suggested SZX for the COAP block request
 * @param[in]   callback   callback to be executed on each received block
 * @param[in]   arg        optional function arguments
 *
 * @returns     -1         if failed to fetch the url content
 * @returns      0         on success
 */
int nanocoap_sock_get_blockwise(nanocoap_sock_t *sock, const char *path,
                                coap_blksize_t blksize,
                                coap_blockwise_cb_t callback, void *arg);

/**
 * @brief    Performs a blockwise coap get request to the specified url.
 *
 * This function will fetch the content of the specified resource path via
 * block-wise-transfer. A coap_blockwise_cb_t will be called on each received
 * block.
 *
 * @param[in]   url        Absolute URL pointer to source path (i.e. not containing
 *                         a fragment identifier)
 * @param[in]   blksize    sender suggested SZX for the COAP block request
 * @param[in]   callback   callback to be executed on each received block
 * @param[in]   arg        optional function arguments
 *
 * @returns     -EINVAL    if an invalid url is provided
 * @returns     -1         if failed to fetch the url content
 * @returns      0         on success
 */
int nanocoap_get_blockwise_url(const char *url,
                               coap_blksize_t blksize,
                               coap_blockwise_cb_t callback, void *arg);

/**
 * @brief    Performs a blockwise coap get request to the specified url, store
 *           the response in a buffer.
 *
 * This function will fetch the content of the specified resource path via
 * block-wise-transfer.
 * The blocks will be re-assembled into @p buf
 *
 * @param[in]   url        Absolute URL pointer to source path (i.e. not containing
 *                         a fragment identifier)
 * @param[in]   blksize    sender suggested SZX for the COAP block request
 * @param[in]   buf        Target buffer
 * @param[in]   len        Target buffer length
 *
 * @returns     -EINVAL    if an invalid url is provided
 * @returns     -1         if failed to fetch the url content
 * @returns     size of the response payload on success
 */
ssize_t nanocoap_get_blockwise_url_to_buf(const char *url,
                                          coap_blksize_t blksize,
                                          void *buf, size_t len);

/**
 * @brief   Simple synchronous CoAP request
 *
 * @param[in]       sock    socket to use for the request
 * @param[in,out]   pkt     Packet struct containing the request. Is reused for
 *                          the response
 * @param[in]       len     Total length of the buffer associated with the
 *                          request
 *
 * @returns     length of response on success
 * @returns     <0 on error
 */
ssize_t nanocoap_sock_request(nanocoap_sock_t *sock, coap_pkt_t *pkt, size_t len);

/**
 * @brief   Simple synchronous CoAP request with callback
 *
 *          The response will be handled by a callback, which avoids copying the
 *          response packet out of the network stack internal buffer.
 *
 * @param[in]       sock    socket to use for the request
 * @param[in,out]   pkt     Packet struct containing the request. Is reused for
 *                          the response
 * @param[in]       cb      Callback executed for response packet
 * @param[in]       arg     Optional callback argumnent
 *
 * @returns     length of response on success
 * @returns     <0 on error
 */
ssize_t nanocoap_sock_request_cb(sock_udp_t *sock, coap_pkt_t *pkt,
                                 coap_request_cb_t cb, void *arg);

/**
 * @brief   Simple synchronous CoAP request
 *
 * @param[in,out]   pkt     Packet struct containing the request. Is reused for
 *                          the response
 * @param[in]       local   Local UDP endpoint, may be NULL
 * @param[in]       remote  remote UDP endpoint
 * @param[in]       len     Total length of the buffer associated with the
 *                          request
 *
 * @returns     length of response on success
 * @returns     <0 on error
 */
ssize_t nanocoap_request(coap_pkt_t *pkt, sock_udp_ep_t *local,
                         sock_udp_ep_t *remote, size_t len);

/**
 * @brief   Simple synchronous CoAP (confirmable) get
 *
 * @param[in]   remote  remote UDP endpoint
 * @param[in]   path    remote path
 * @param[out]  buf     buffer to write response to
 * @param[in]   len     length of @p buffer
 *
 * @returns     length of response payload on success
 * @returns     <0 on error
 */
ssize_t nanocoap_get(sock_udp_ep_t *remote, const char *path, void *buf,
                     size_t len);

/**
 * @brief   Initialize block request context
 *
 * @param[out]  ctx     The block request context to initialize
 * @param[in]   remote  Server endpoint
 * @param[in]   path    Server path for request
 * @param[in]   method  Request method (`COAP_METHOD_{GET|PUT|POST}`)
 * @param[in]   blksize Request blocksize exponent
 *
 * @retval      0       Success
 * @retval      <0      Error (see @ref nanocoap_sock_connect for details)
 */
static inline int nanocoap_block_request_init(coap_block_request_t *ctx,
                                              sock_udp_ep_t *remote,
                                              const char *path,
                                              uint8_t method,
                                              coap_blksize_t blksize)
{
    ctx->path = path;
    ctx->blknum = 0;
    ctx->method = method;
    ctx->blksize = blksize;
    return nanocoap_sock_connect(&ctx->sock, NULL, remote);
}

/**
 * @brief   Initialize block request context by URL
 *
 * @param[out]  ctx     The block request context to initialize
 * @param[in]   url     The request URL
 * @param[in]   method  Request method (`COAP_METHOD_{GET|PUT|POST}`)
 * @param[in]   blksize Request blocksize exponent
 *
 * @retval      0       Success
 * @retval      <0      Error (see @ref nanocoap_sock_url_connect for details)
 */
static inline int nanocoap_block_request_init_url(coap_block_request_t *ctx,
                                                  const char *url,
                                                  uint8_t method,
                                                  coap_blksize_t blksize)
{
    ctx->path = sock_urlpath(url);
    ctx->blknum = 0;
    ctx->method = method;
    ctx->blksize = blksize;
    return nanocoap_sock_url_connect(url, &ctx->sock);
}

/**
 * @brief   Free block request context
 *
 * @param[out]  ctx     The block request context to finalize
 */
static inline void nanocoap_block_request_done(coap_block_request_t *ctx)
{
    nanocoap_sock_close(&ctx->sock);
}

/**
 * @brief   Do a block-wise request, send a single block.
 *
 *          This method is expected to be called in a loop until all
 *          payload blocks have been transferred.
 *
 * @pre     @p ctx was initialized with @ref nanocoap_block_request_init or
 *          @ref nanocoap_block_request_init_url
 *
 * @param[in]   ctx     blockwise request context
 * @param[in]   data    payload to send
 * @param[in]   len     payload length
 * @param[in]   more    more blocks after this one
 *                      (will be set automatically if @p len > block size)
 * @param[in]   cb      callback for response
 * @param[in]   arg     callback context
 *
 * @return      Number of payload bytes written on success
 *              Negative error on failure
 */
int nanocoap_sock_block_request(coap_block_request_t *ctx,
                                const void *data, size_t len, bool more,
                                coap_request_cb_t cb, void *arg);
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
#endif /* NET_NANOCOAP_SOCK_H */
/** @} */